• Classically HIF levels and consequently HIF transcriptional

  2021-11-20

  

  Classically HIF-α levels and consequently HIF transcriptional activity have been associated with hypoxic conditions. However, some years ago, regulation by hormones of HIF transcriptional activity under normoxic conditions was demonstrated. Different stimuli such as heregulin, IGF1 and insulin, amon

• Recently some published studies showed that

  2021-11-20

  

  Recently, some published studies showed that HBV can induce autophagy in vitro and vivo [[19], [20], [21]]. The critical role of autophagy in HBV normal life cycle, such as HBV envelopment, has been gradually accepted by researchers from different laboratories [22,23]. HBV can trigger the autophagic

• In this study with the use of C N labeled

  2021-11-20

  

  In this study, with the use of 13C515N2-labeled glutamine, we observed that 13C515N2-labeled glutamine produces a wide range of NAAG isotopologues and its precursors: NAA and glutamate. The NAAG production from glutamine is consistently more elevated in MYC-ON lymphoma and OVCAR4 compared to MYC-OFF

• According to its major function as master regulator of

  2021-11-19

  

  According to its major function as master regulator of BA homeostasis, FXR has been shown to have a specific tissue distribution; it is expressed along the entire gastrointestinal tract with a peak in the liver and ileum, as well as in the kidney, and adrenal glands [30], [66], [135]. Low FXR expres

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-11-19

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Protein degradation plays a vital role in nearly all cellular processes, nearly 5% of genes are dedicated to the control of protein stability [31], [32]. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents the major way for degradation of proteins, wher

• During the activation of the coagulation

  2021-11-19

  

  During the activation of the coagulation cascade, factor Xa (FXa) forms a complex with activated factor V and calcium MnTBAP Chloride on the surface of platelet membrane (so called prothrombinase complex) and converts prothrombin to thrombin [5], [6]. Selective FXa inhibitors do not directly inhibi

• When taken together data suggest CRF plays a central role

  2021-11-19

  

  When taken together, data suggest CRF plays a central role in linking the HPA axis, the eCB system, and the amygdala with anxiety (Hill et al., 2009, 2010a; Hillard et al., 2011). In elaborate studies in mice, Gray and colleagues (Gray et al., 2015) showed stress-associated increase in CRF concentra

• Nowadays it is accepted that

  2021-11-19

  

  Nowadays, it is accepted that ligands which have been classically described as inverse agonists, due to their negative efficacy at modulating the G protein pathway, could also display some positive efficacy regarding receptor desensitization, internalization, or even signaling though another pathway

• br Autophagy and HBV induced HCC Researchers have demonstrat

  2021-11-19

  

  Autophagy and HBV-induced HCC Researchers have demonstrated downregulation of autophagy in HBV transgenic liver tumors of mouse models and in human HBV-induced HCC specimens. Kotsafti and his colleagues declared that the expression level of BECN1 mRNA in HCC specimens was considerably lower than

• br Discussion In the present paper it was shown for

  2021-11-19

  

  Discussion In the present paper it was shown for the first time that the conjugation of ethacrynic l lysine reviews sale and glutathione catalyzed by GSTP1-1 stereospecifically forms one of the diastereoisomers of the glutathione conjugate (EASG). Chemical conjugation results in formation of a m

• Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce

  2021-11-18

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neuronal damage in disorders of the CNS (Schwartz et al., 2003). EAATs are considered to contribute to prevention of excitotoxicity by glutamate uptake. Our data revealed that expression levels of membrane EAAT proteins in astrocytes are much

• Contradictory results have been described regarding the role

  2021-11-18

  

  Contradictory results have been described regarding the role of the Shh pathway during vertebrate skeletal myogenesis. Different studies have shown that Shh can increase or inhibit myoblasts proliferation and terminal muscle differentiation, depending on the experimental model [[1], [2], [3], [4], [

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-11-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Employment of GIPR signaling, specifically the direction of this manipulation, as a strategy to improve body weight remains a contentious subject of intense scientific investigation [22], [32], [33]. Despite the physiological benefits of GIP on PD123

• The stability of the i

  2021-11-18

  

  The stability of the i-motif at the neutral pH has been analyzed in our previous paper [31] by tracking the rmsd changes in unbiased calculations. Fig. 7 presents, just to confirm the conclusions drawn in [12], the changes in distances between atoms forming hydrogen bonds within the i-motif structur

• FPR activation stimulates multiple signal transduction pathw

  2021-11-18

  

  FPR1 activation stimulates multiple signal transduction pathways responsible for various neutrophil functions, such as adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, Neochlorogenic acid of secretory granules, and superoxide anion radical (O2) production, which contribute to the physiological inflammatory resp

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